Ionic Clays Confirmed From Initial Met Tests at Caladao
Released
Released
Announcement PDF
ASX ANNOUNCEMENT
ASX : AXL
30 July 2025
First Stage Metallurgical Results Confirm Ionic Rare Earths
and Gallium Recoveries at Caladão Project
HIGHLIGHTS:
•
•
•
Initial metallurgical test work completed by ANSTO on only two diamond drill samples (DDH-018
and DDH-036, 2km apart) showed positive recoveries by desorption of Rare Earth Elements (REE)
using simple, low-cost sodium chloride (NaCl) and ammonium sulfate (AMSUL) leaching methods
at pH 4
Strong recoveries of high value magnet rare earth elements 1 (Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb) achieved, up to 52%
from first-pass tests. This mirrors initial recovery efficiencies reported from other global ionic clay
REE deposits
Results confirm a considerable portion of the REE at Caladão are adsorbed onto clays allowing
recovery by a simple leaching process
DDH-018 – Confirmed Ionic Adsorption Clay REE
•
•
Excellent REE desorption was achieved at DDH-018 using a standard ammonium sulphate solution
at pH 4, crucially confirming that the high-grade Caladão Project contains Ionic Adsorption Clay
(IAC) REE
High value magnetic rare earths (MREO) average head grades of 632ppm MREO over 18m
demonstrating exceptional thickness
DDH-036 – Exceptional Heavy Rare Earths (HREE) + Yttrium in Primary and Secondary REE phases
•
High MREO content including up to 139 ppm DyTb and substantial Yttrium concentrations
recoverable via acid leach
Strong First-Pass Gallium Recoveries
•
•
•
Strong initial gallium recovery results, achieving 25% through acid leaching in preliminary tests
Elevated near-surface gallium grades in DDH-036 suggests supergene enrichment
Ongoing test work underway to develop a dedicated low-cost gallium recovery process
Next Steps
•
•
•
•
1
Ongoing development of a simple, two-stage heap leach process designed for low CAPEX and OPEX
operations, significantly reducing environmental footprint
Partnership secured with CETEM (Centro de Tecnologia Mineral), a Federal Research Center
dedicated to technological innovation for the mineral industry, to carry out further metallurgical
investigations for gallium and REE of the Caladão Project
ANSTO partnership continues to progress metallurgical test work aimed at utilising heap leach to
optimise previous leach recoveries, impurity removal and precipitation tests for REE
Maiden JORC Inferred Resource for Area A expected late July / August 2025
MREO (Magnetic Rare Earth Oxide) = Nd2O3 + Pr6O11 + Dy2O3 + Tb4O7
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Non-Executive Chairman, Paul Dickson, commented:
“We are genuinely excited by these first pass results, which confirm Caladão’s potential
to host both ionic and non-ionic rare earths, as well as gallium - all shaping to be
recoverable through straightforward leaching techniques. Factoring in the high-grade
nature of our REE and gallium intercepts to date, the recovered values of MREO and
gallium from these high first pass head grades is in line with world class projects.
The use of low-cost reagents like NaCl and AMSUL, combined with the absence of
complex mining requirements, positions Axel incredibly well to develop a low-CAPEX,
low-OPEX operation with strong environmental credentials.
With the growing global focus on supply chain diversification outside China, we believe
Caladão has the foundations to become one of the largest and most strategically
significant rare earth and gallium projects globally.”
Axel REE Limited (ASX: AXL, FSE:HN8, “Axel” or “the Company”) is pleased to announce that the first
metallurgical diagnostic test work completed at ANSTO on 3 meter composites from 2 diamond holes, 2 km
apart (Figure 1, Appendix 2) has successfully leached ionic adsorption clay rare earths (IAC) by standard
ammonium sulphate (AMSUL) leach at pH 4 for 30 min with similar recoveries using NaCl under the same
conditions.
Acid leach tests were conducted on diamond drill holes DDH-018 and DDH-036 and in a composite with
gallium, with promising results to recover both IAC REE (DDH-018) and REE from the primary and secondary
REE minerals (DDH-036), as well as gallium, under acid leach conditions (Figure 2).
Due to the significant distance between the two holes tested and large-scale REE-Gallium project area (over
>65km2), the metallurgical results from these two holes can not be extrapolated across any area in the
project at this stage and only represent a style of REE mineralisation in the immediate vicinity to each
sampled hole.
Gallium Opportunity
Axel’s gallium zones, unexpectedly rich and now confirmed recoverable by acid leach, may position the
Company to become a significant supplier of this globally critical, high-value metal.
Unlike traditional gallium producers (residues from bauxite or sphalerite/zinc ores), Caladão’s gallium is
hosted in weathered laterite over granite, reflecting a novel and attractive geochemical context. The
presence in the soils and saprolite environment offers potential for hydrometallurgical extraction, via acid
leach, in conjunction with the REE, generating gallium as a co-product alongside REE - an uncommon and
cost-effective dual-commodity strategy.
Initial testing indicates up to 25% gallium recovery via acid leaching, underscoring significant potential for
supergene-enriched gallium production. The acid leach method demonstrated that gallium extraction
significantly increases with acidity and longer leach duration, indicating further optimisation potential.
This initial recovery highlights the project's potential for a dedicated gallium production stream,
complementing the extraction of rare earth elements and enhancing overall project economics.
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Figure 1 - Map of central Area A with location of DDH-018 and DDH-036.
Figure 2 – Strip log of DDH-18 and DDH-36
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Low Cost, Low Impact Development Strategy
Axel is reviewing the potential for a simple two-stage heap leach process utilising readily available reagents
(NaCl or ammonium sulfate). The first stage at pH 4 and the second one increasing the acidity to extract
additional REE and gallium. This novel approach may significantly lower environmental impacts and
operational costs, aligning with global ESG standards.
The proposed heap leach process requires no drilling, blasting, crushing, or milling, and no tailings dam,
greatly reducing environmental impact and capital expenditure requirements. The process to collect the
Pregnant Leach Solution (PLS) is gravity-fed, with PLS flowing naturally from the various leach pads in the
plateaus to a central processing plant - enhancing operational simplicity and sustainability.
Further work will include:
•
Finalisation of maiden JORC Inferred Resource Estimate for Area A in the coming weeks;
•
Development of two-stage heap leach processing flowsheet at ANSTO for both IAC REE and gallium;
•
Metallurgical testing for alternative processes to recover the proportion of non-ionic REE;
•
Ongoing gallium-focused metallurgical testing at CETEM;
•
Infill drilling to support resource classification upgrade;
•
Commencement of baseline environmental studies to expedite project permitting.
CETEM Partnership for Gallium Concentration Study
Axel has engaged Brazil’s national mineral technology research centre, Centro de Tecnologia Mineral
(CETEM), to conduct a detailed characterization and concentration study of gallium-bearing material from
the Company’s Caladão Project. The study will focus on evaluating the use of magnetic separation
techniques to concentrate gallium, a critical metal of growing global strategic importance.
Under the agreement, approximately 5 kg of ore selected by AXEL will be analysed at CETEM’s laboratories
in Rio de Janeiro. The program includes chemical mapping, particle size distribution, mineralogical studies
via XRD and MLA, and magnetic separation tests using high-gradient magnetic equipment. The study will be
executed over a 6-week period and all intellectual property generated will remain the property of Axel.
Metallurgical Results
39 composites (Appendix 2) representing 3 metres each from two diamond drill holes (DDH-018 and DDH036) from the Caladão Project Area A, 2 km apart, were leached at ANSTO by 0.5 Mol ammonium sulphate
as lixiviant at pH 4, for 30 min at ambient temperature.
The tests on the 3m composites from the two diamond drill holes showed the presence of IAC REE in the
DDH-018 (Figure 3) in the desorbed zone returning strong recoveries of IAC magnetic rare earths by AMSUL
up to 48% and 52% using NaCl (Table 1) from an interval of 18 metres with 632ppm MREO average from
which 249ppm MREO was leached, representing a high grade nominal extracted MREO compared to other
IAC projects.
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A high average grade of 395ppm MREO remained in primary or secondary mineral phases mixed with clays
that contained high Dy and Tb grades that could be recovered under a varied acid condition.
Extractions: Hole CLD-DDH-018
REE Extraction (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Depth (m)
TREY-Ce
Magnets
Figure 3 - Down hole extraction of IAC rare earths from regolith profile.
Extraction of magnetic REEs increased with depth up to 35m proportional of desorbable REE with depth for
CLD-DDH-018 hole (Appendix 2).
Desorption tests were conducted also by 1.5M NaCl solution on 6 selected composites from hole DDH-018,
with results similar to the ammonium sulphate leachate (Table 3), which is relevant as NaCl is easy to source
in Brazil and a potentially cheaper alternative.
Head
Ammonium Recovery
NaCl Recovered
Grade
SampleID
MREO
MREO ppm
MREO %
MREO ppm
MREO %
ppm
CLD-COMP-007
796
314
39.5
323
40.6
CLD-COMP-008
594
287
48.2
312
52.4
CLD-COMP-009
665
287
43.2
300
45.1
CLD-COMP-010
688
228
33.1
204
29.7
CLD-COMP-011
641
270
42.2
270
42.2
CLD-COMP-012
409
136
33.2
146
35.7
Average
632
254
39.9
259
41.0
Table 1 - Ionics recovered by NaCl and AMSUL leaching test on diamond drillhole CLD-DDH-018.
Exceptional nominal average recovered grade of 259ppm MREO for 41% recovery using NaCl on 18 meters
of hole DDH-018.
The DDH-036 did not show significant IAC REE in the leaching test at pH 4, retaining exceptional high average
MREO grades up to 1,125ppm MREO in the primary or secondary mineral phases within the saprolite. The
exceptional values of Dy and Tb up to 139ppm with high Yttrium in this hole demonstrated a significant heavy
REE (HREE) mineralisation style.
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Additional tests were conducted in four selected samples from DDH-036 for leaching at higher acidity to improve
REE recovery (Figure 4). Leach tests were conducted at 4wt% slurry density on pulverized ore in 0.5M (NH4) 2SO4
at room temperature. The pH was decreased from pH 1.5 (for 1 h) and then to pH 1. The test was then maintained
at pH 1 for 5 days.
Figure 4 - Acid leaching progress for Magnet REE.
Magnet extraction from composite 35 from hole DDH-036 had a steady increase in recovery under acid
leaching achieving 28% recovery after 5 days, opening a new front to recover REE from non-ionic REE
mineralisation at the Caladão project.
There was no gallium recovery under leaching (AMSUL) at pH 4 but gallium was extracted in acid leaching
with extraction enhanced with leach duration (Figure 5). The varied gallium extraction despite similar grades
suggest different gallium mineralisation, where a systematic increase in grade from surface is clearly seen
in hole DDH-036. This indicates a supergene enrichment following the same behaviour of iron.
The definition of the mineralogical association, in progress, of gallium in this oxidized horizon is crucial to
work out a potential concentration method from where it can be extracted with low costs.
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Figure 5 - Acid leaching progress for gallium.
This announcement was authorised by the Board of Directors.
For enquiries regarding this release please contact:
Axel REE Limited
investors@axelreelimited.com.au
Investor & Media Relations
awillis@nwrcommunications.com.au
About Axel REE
Axel REE is an exploration company which is primarily focused on exploring the Caladão REE-Gallium and Caldas REE
Projects in Brazil. Together, the project portfolio covers over 1,000km² of exploration tenure in Brazil, the third largest
country globally in terms of REE Reserves.
The Company’s mission is to explore and develop REE and other critical minerals in vastly underexplored Brazil. These
minerals are crucial for the advancement of modern technology and the transition towards a more sustainable global
economy. Axel’s strategy includes extensive exploration plans to fully realize the potential of its current projects and
seek new opportunities.
Competent Persons Statement
The information in this announcement that relates to Exploration Results and Metallurgy and Metallurgical Test Work is
based on and fairly represents information and supporting documentation compiled by Mr Antonio de Castro, BSc
(Hons), MAusIMM, CREA who acts as AXEL´s Senior Consulting Geologist through the consultancy firm, ADC Geologia
Ltda. Mr. de Castro has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under
consideration and to the reporting of exploration results and analytical and metallurgical test work he is undertaking to
qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration
Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves” (the JORC Code). Mr Castro consents to the inclusion in the
announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
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Forward Looking Statement
This announcement contains projections and forward-looking information that involve various risks and uncertainties
regarding future events. Such forward-looking information can include without limitation statements based on current
expectations involving a number of risks and uncertainties and are not guarantees of future performance of the
Company. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results and the Company’s plans and objectives to differ
materially from those expressed in the forward-looking information. Actual results and future events could differ
materially from anticipated in such information. These and all subsequent written and oral forward-looking information
are based on estimates and opinions of management on the dates they are made and expressly qualified in their entirety
by this notice. The Company assumes no obligation to update forward-looking information should circumstances or
management’s estimates or opinions change.
Reference to Previous Announcements
In addition to new results reported in this announcement, the information that relates to previous exploration results is
extracted from:
•
AXL ASX release 14 February 2025 “Mineral Resource Estimate and Metallurgy Testing to Commence”
The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information
contained in these announcements and, in the case of estimates of mineral resources, that all material assumptions
and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the announcements continue to apply and have not materially
changed.
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Appendix 1: JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Sampling
techniques
Nature and quality of sampling
ANSTO, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology
Organization were supplied with 39 composites
samples numbered CLD-COMP-001 to 039 compiled
from the weathered portion of area A in the Caladão
project. They consist of disaggregated rejects from ½
core, received back from SGS laboratory derived from
the 2024 drill program. Collar locations are presented
in appendix 1.
ANSTO were tasked to conduct 39 diagnostic
desorption tests with ammonium sulfate followed by
tests with 4 selected samples with ammonium sulfate
at reduced pH to access the potential for additional
REE recovery and 3 acid tests on selected samples to
asses gallium recovery (refer table 3, 4, 5 and 6).
Test work results are for 39 individuals 3 meter
composite samples, from the diamond holes DDH018 and DDH-036, both from 2m to end of the
saprolite zone.
The use of disaggregated rejects and the its
composites are considered appropriate for leaching
test works and reporting exploration results.
Drilling
techniques
Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation,
open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger,
Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core
diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of
diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other
type, whether core is oriented and if so, by
what method, etc).
The drilling technique is a diamond drill rig Mach 32003 with HQ diameter using the wireline technique.
Each drill site was cleaned and leveled with a backhoe
loader.
All holes are vertical.
Drilling is stopped once the intersection with
unweathered basement intrusive is confirmed = +3 to
5m of fresh rock.
Drill
sample
recovery
Method of recording and assessing core
and chip sample recoveries and results
assessed.
Measures taken to maximise sample
recovery and ensure representative nature
of the samples.
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Core recoveries were measured after each drill run,
comparing the length of core recovered vs. drill depth.
Overall Core recoveries are 92.5%, achieving 95% in
the saprolite target horizon, 89% in the transitional
rock (fresh fragments in clay), and 92.5% in fresh rock.
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Whether a relationship exists between
sample recovery and grade and whether
sample bias may have occurred due to
preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse
material.
Logging
Whether core and chip samples have been
geologically and geotechnically logged to a
level of detail to support appropriate
Mineral Resource estimation, mining
studies and metallurgical studies.
Whether logging is qualitative or
quantitative in nature. Core (or costean,
channel, etc) photography.
The total length and percentage of the
relevant intersections logged.
The geology was described in a core facility by a
geologist - logging focused on the soil (humic) horizon,
saprolite, and fresh rock boundaries. The depth of
geological boundaries is honored and described with
downhole depth – not meter by meter. The total
lengths of all holes have been geologically logged.
Other important parameters for collecting data
include grain size, texture, and color, which can help
identify the parent rock before weathering.
All drilled holes have a digital photographic record.
The log is stored in a Microsoft Excel template with
inbuilt validation tables and a pick list to avoid data
entry errors.
Subsampling
techniques
and sample
preparation
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether
quarter, half or all core taken.
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled,
rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet
or dry.
For all sample types, the nature, quality
and appropriateness of the sample
preparation technique.
Quality control procedures adopted for all
sub-sampling
stages
to
maximise
representivity of samples.
Measures taken to ensure that the
sampling is representative of the in situ
material collected, including for instance
results for field duplicate/second-half
sampling.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to
the grain size of the material being
sampled.
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The core was cut in half which was taken on a meter
basis to SGS for preparation.
Sample preparation (drying, crushing, splitting and
pulverising) is carried out by SGS laboratory, in
Vespasiano MG, using industry-standard protocols:
Dried at 100°C, the fresh rock is 75% crushed to sub
3mm, the saprolite is just disaggregated with
hammers, riffle split sub-sample, 250 g pulverized to
95% passing 150 mesh, monitored by sieving, aliquot
selection from pulp packet.
Each disaggregated rejects were riffled split at equal
weight to produce the 3 meter composites.
No duplicate or repeat composite sampling has been
run at this stage.
As received disaggregate rejects are considered
appropriate to represent the REE mineralization.
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Quality of
assay data
and
laboratory
tests
The nature, quality and appropriateness of
the assaying and laboratory procedures
used and whether the technique is
considered partial or total.
All head samples were analysed by a combination of
XRF at ANSTO and fusion digest/ICP-MS (ALS,
Brisbane) for the following elements:
For geophysical tools, spectrometers,
handheld XRF instruments, etc, the
parameters used in determining the
analysis including instrument make and
model, reading times, calibrations factors
applied and their derivation, etc.
Nature of quality control procedures
adopted (eg standards, blanks, duplicates,
external laboratory checks) and whether
acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of
bias) and precision have been established.
XRF – Al, As, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs,Cu, Fe, Hf, K, Mg, Mn,
Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Si, Sn, Ta, Ti, V, Zn, Zr
Lithium Tetraborate Fusion Digest/ICP-MS – Ba, Ce,
Cr, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Gd, Hf, Ho, La, Lu, Nb, Nd, Pr,
Rb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zr
A summary of the REE head analysis for each sample
is presented in table 3 for hole 18 and for hole 36. Full
chemical analysis was provided in the Data Pack.
Liquors were analysed by ALS for ICPMS (because of
the low detection limits required) and at ANSTO by
ICPOES .
ANSTO and ALS included standards and blank
materials to monito the performance of the
laboratory. The standards and blanks used displayed
acceptable levels of accuracy and precision.
Verification
of sampling
and
assaying
The verification of significant intersections
by either independent or alternative
company personnel.
The use of twinned holes.
Documentation of primary data, data entry
procedures, data verification, data storage
(physical and electronic) protocols.
Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
Result reviewed by the Company´s Chief Geologist
and the Operator Manager, and specialists at ANSTO.
Apart from the routine QA/QC procedures by the
Company and the laboratory, there was no other
independent or alternative verification of sampling
and assaying procedures.
No twinned holes were used.
Primary data is stored both in its source electronic
form and where applicable, on paper. Assay data is
retained in both the original certificate (pdf) form,
where available, and the text files received from the
laboratory. Primary data collection follows a
structured protocol, with standardized data entry
procedures ensure that any issues are identified and
rectified. All data is stored both in physical forms,
such as hard copies and electronically, in secure
databases with regular backups.
The adjustments to the data were made when
required, converting the rare earth element values into
the industry standard rare earth format. The
conversion factors used are included in the table
below. (source: https://www.jcu.edu.au/advanced-
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
analytical-centre/resources/element-tostoichiometric-oxide-conversion-factors)
Element ppm Conversion Factor Oxide Form
La
1.1728
La2O3
Ce
1.2284
CeO2
Pr
1.2082
Pr6O11
Nd
1.1664
Nd2O3
Eu
1.1579
Eu2O3
Gd
1.1526
Gd2O3
Tb
1.1762
Tb4O7
Dy
1.1477
Dy2O3
Ho
1.1455
Ho2O3
Er
1.1435
Er2O3
Tm
1.1421
Tm2O3
Yb
1.1387
Yb2O3
Lu
1.1371
Lu2O3
Y
1.2699
Y2O3
Sc
1.5337
Sc2O3
Ga
1.3442
Ga2O3
Rare earth abbreviations typically used in industry
reporting and throughout this report were in
accordance with IUPA guidelines, and were as
follows:
REE - Rare Earth Elements, value presented as oxide
assay.
REO – Rare Earths Oxides, value presented as oxide
assay.
TREE
–
La+Ce+Pr+Nd+Sm+Eu+Gd+Tb+Dy+Ho+Er+Tm+Yb+Lu
plus Y and Sc.
MREE – Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy.
LREE: La+Ce+Pr+Nd and Sm.
HREE: Eu+Gd+Tb+Dy+Ho+Er+Tm+Yb+Lu plus Y.
TREO (Total Rare Earth Oxide) = La2O3 + CeO2 +
Pr6O11 + Nd2O3 + Sm2O3 + Eu2O3 + Gd2O3 + Tb4O7
+ Dy2O3 + Ho2O3 + Er2O3 + Tm2O3 + Yb2O3 + Y2O3 +
Lu2O3 plus Y2O3 and Sc2O3
MREO (Magnetic Rare Earth Oxide) = Pr6O11 + Nd2O3
+ Tb4O7 + Dy2O3
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
LREO (Light Rare Earth Oxide) = La2O3 + CeO2 +
Pr6O11 + Nd2O3 + Sm2O3
HREO (Heavy Rare Earth Oxide) = Eu2O3 + Gd2O3 +
Tb4O7 + Dy2O3 + Ho2O3 + Er2O3 + Tm2O3 + Yb2O3 +
Lu2O3 plus Y2O3
NdPr = Nd2O3 + Pr6O11
DyTb = Dy2O3 + Tb4O7
CREO (Critical Rare Earth Oxide) = Nd2O3 + Eu2O3 +
Tb4O7 + Dy2O3 + Y2O3
(From U.S. Department of Energy, Critical Material
Strategy, December 2011)
There are three commonly applied approuches to
calculating extraction for leaching :
Tail over Head, which is calculated as 1 – tail
grade/head grade. Where notable mass loss occours
in leaching, as is common for acid leaching, the tail
grade is increased due to the mass loss and would
result in an underestimation extraction. In this case,
the tail grade is corrected via accounting for the solids
mass loss, or via a « tie-in « with a non-soluble
element such as Pb.
Mass Basis, which is calculated as element mass in
liquor/(element mass in liquor + element mass in
solids) for the discharge liquor and solids. This
method ignores the head assay and somewhat
eliminates sampling error impacting the head assay. It
also accounts for any mass loss within the test.
Liquor out over solids in, which is calculated as
element mass in liquor/element mass in solids in. This
method is the most prone to error, as it includes
sampling errors on the head assay, error in the liquor
assay and error in the liquour SG assay. Small errors
in the liquor assay can results in large percentage
differences in extraction when the extraction extends
its high (>60-70%) due to the nature of the calculation.
For the diagnostic tests, which are low solids density
and with no intermediate samples taken, ANSTO uses
the liquor out over solids for the REEs and Al, Fe, etc.
Ansto have found that for the clays, sampling and
assaying of solids is quite problematic (due to the
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
presence of REEs in a number of phases). When
conducting leach tests at higher slurry densities, it
uses both methods, 1 and 3. In these diagnostic tests
reported it used pulverized samples to enhance
sample representivity. Also the diagnostics are partly
a screening test soi t minimise assays to reduce costs
for a large number of tests. It found that results for
slurry leaching of IADs are very similar to the
diagnostic tests results.
Agrees that if extraction >60-70%, it is preferred to
assay the residues.
Location of
data points
Accuracy and quality of surveys used to
locate drill holes (collar and down-hole
surveys), trenches, mine workings and
other locations used in Mineral Resource
estimation.
Drill hole collar locations were surveyed using a Real
Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS unit, ensuring sub-metre
accuracy for all recorded positions. All spatial data
were captured and reported using the SIRGAS 2000
geodetic datum, projected to UTM Zone 24 South.
Specification of the grid system used.
Quality and adequacy of topographic
control.
Data
spacing
and
distribution
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration
Results.
Whether the data spacing and distribution
is sufficient to establish the degree of
geological
and
grade
continuity
appropriate for the Mineral Resource and
Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and
classifications applied.
Whether sample compositing has been
applied.
Orientation
of data in
relation to
geological
structure
ASX : AXL
ACN: 665 921 273
Whether the orientation of sampling
achieves unbiased sampling of possible
structures and the extent to which this is
known, considering the deposit type.
If the relationship between the drilling
orientation and the orientation of key
mineralised structures is considered to
have introduced a sampling bias, this
39 individual composites were carried out on 2
diamond drillholes from 2m down to the fresh rock,
samples numbered CLD-COMP-001 to 039 (table 2)
from the DDH-018 and DDH-036 which are 1.94 km
apart.
Each one represents a different Style of REE
mineralization in the area A.
No resources are reported.
The disaggregated rejects from each 1 metre interval
returned from SGS over a 3 metre interval stablished
around 2kg composites for test works at ANSTO.
All drill holes were drilled vertically, which is deemed
the most suitable orientation for this type of
supergene deposit. These deposits typically have a
broad horizontal extent relative to the thickness of the
mineralised body, exhibiting horizontal continuity with
minimal varia
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